As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
It relationships is especially strong from inside the Shenzhen
Full, and supportive evidence of a great dyadic exchange, particularly in Shenzhen, i and come across supportive facts having field replace, while the migrants are more likely to wed a neighborhood lover (we.elizabeth., to make hukou intermarriage) since their education increases. The outcome strongly recommend increased probability of hukou area-studies exchange to have low-college-experienced migrants for the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, however, an identical likelihood of hukou area-knowledge exchange within these several urban centers to own school-knowledgeable migrants, which aids Hypothesis 3 your down likelihood of hukou locality-training exchange when you look at the Shanghai, versus Shenzhen, retains to possess low-college-knowledgeable migrants but not to own college-educated migrants.
Centered on Design 5 regarding Dining table dos and you can Shape dos , regional spouses’ training isn’t of this their log-likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage, and therefore matchmaking doesn’t disagree between them towns
Up until now, we have sensed only intermarriage between locals and you can migrants, instead of pinpointing ranging from a few hukou systems. Within shot, locals try mainly metropolitan hukou owners while migrants generally keep rural hukou in towns. Especially, into the Shanghai, regarding 85% of locals however, no more than 20% of migrants have metropolitan hukou. Inside the Shenzhen, the natives hold metropolitan hukou, however, only about 35% away from migrants are metropolitan hukou owners. The new health-related difference from hukou style of between residents and you will migrants ways a probability of hukou sorts of change inside inter-hukou-locality ine if hukou sorts of has an effect on all of our abilities.
Earliest, i glance at new shipping from hukou type of one of intermarriages of hukou area. Given that found when you look at the Figure A1, more than 50 % of the latest partners where one or two spouses differ in the hukou area means homogamy regarding hukou types of. This might be in line with prior results that most Chinese age hukou method of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & The guy, 2014). A good gender asymmetric trend from hukou interong people involving an excellent migrant spouse and you can a district spouse, merely 11% is rural-husband-urban-wife people whereas 86% are metropolitan-husband-urban-partner lovers. On the other hand, one of people the spot where the partner is an excellent Shanghai local citizen and the spouse was good migrant, 45% try metropolitan-husband-rural-spouse partners. In other words, when women with Shanghai hukou marry migrants, they have a tendency to help you wed urban migrants, while dudes which have Shanghai hukou whom marry migrant female usually marry rural migrants. When you look at the Shenzhen, so it gender pattern is actually smaller noticable: 26% out of migrant-husband-local-wife couples features a metropolitan partner and you may a rural partner, while twelve% away from local-husband-migrant-wife people cover an urban spouse and you can a rural partner. These types of conclusions advise that in the Shanghai wedding market, one another hukou area and hukou type of design intermarriage patterns, but in Shenzhen hukou types of looks quicker crucial. It next supporting our very own conclusions regarding the hukou barrier getting healthier inside Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>